Assistance au test de modèles à composants et services

ISBN 978-2-905267-89-4International audienceDans l'ingénierie des modèles, la correction des modèles est essentielle. Tester le plus tôt possible permet de réduire le coût du processus de véri cation et de validation. Distinguer modèle abstrait et modèle spéci fique réduit la complexité du test et favorise l'évolution du système modélisé. Nous ciblons les modèles à composants et services, ayant un niveau de description su ffisamment précis et détaillé pour pouvoir exécuter les tests. Notre objectif est de tester ces modèles à composants c'est-à-dire de concevoir des cas de tests, de les appliquer sur les modèles mis dans un contexte adéquat pour être exécutés et obtenir un verdict. Pour réduire l'eff ort de construction du harnais de test, nous proposons une méthode qui guide le testeur dans le processus de conception des tests au niveau du modèle. L'assistance à la construction est basée sur (1) la détection d'incohérences et d'incomplétude entre le harnais et le modèle de test ainsi que sur (2) des propositions générant les éléments manquants. Le programme de test est alors transformé vers une plateforme technique dédiée à l'exécution des tests. La mise en oeuvre est réalisée avec des plugins Eclipse dans COSTO, une plateforme dédiée au modèle à composants Kmelia

Controlling the Elasticity of Web Applications on Cloud Computing - Extended Version

Web applications are often exposed to unpredictable work-loads, which makes computing resource management di-cult. The resource may be overused when the workload is high and underused when the workload is low. A solution to deal with unpredictable workloads is to migrate Web applications to cloud computing infrastructures, where the resource is varied according to demand, i. e., elasticity. With elasticity, all the resource variations happen during the Web application runtime. To deal with this, the Web application , and its service layers must behave in an elastic manner , which comprises adaptation tasks. These tasks may introduce functional and non-functional errors into the Web application. To nd these errors, we must test the Web application when the adaptation tasks are performed, during the resource variations. Some tests may require a specic sequence of resource variations, which are dicult to be achieved without controllability. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an approach that controls the required resource variations. We validated our approach by conducting several experiments on Amazon EC2 cloud infrastructures. In these experiments, we successfully lead the Web application through the required resource variations

Discovering Model Transformation Pre-conditions using Automatically Generated Test Models

International audienceSpecifying a model transformation is challenging as it must be able to give a meaningful output for any input model in a possibly infinite modeling domain. Transformation preconditions constrain the input domain by rejecting input models that are not meant to be transformed by a model transformation. This paper presents a systematic approach to discover such preconditions when it is hard for a human developer to foresee complex graphs of objects that are not meant to be transformed. The approach is based on systematically generating a finite number of test models using our tool, PRAMANA to first cover the input domain based on input domain partitioning. Tracing a transformation's execution reveals why some preconditions are missing. Using a benchmark transformation from simplified UML class diagram models to RDBMS models we discover new preconditions that were not initially specified

Test Cases Evolution of Mobile Applications: Model Driven Approach

AELOS_HCERES2020 , NAOMOD_HCERES2020Mobile Applications Developers, with large freedom given to them, focus on satisfying market requirements and on pleasing consumer’s desires. They are forced to be creative and productive in a short period of time. As a result, billions of powerful mobile applications are displayed every day. Therefore, every mobile application needs to continually change and make an incremental evolution in order to survive and preserve its ranking among the top applications in the market. Mobile apps Testers hold a heavy responsibility on their shoulders, the intrinsic nature of agile swift change of mobile apps pushes them to be meticulous, to be aware that things can be different at any time, and to be prepared for unpredicted crashes. Therefore, starting the generation or the creation of test cases from scratch and selecting each time the overridden or the overloaded test cases is a tedious operation. In software testing the time allocated for testing and correcting defects is important for every software development (regularly half the time). This time can be reduced by the introduction of tools and the adoption of new testing methods. In the field of mobile development, new concerns should be taken into account; among the most important ones are the heterogeneity of execution environments and the fragmentation of terminals which have different impacts on the functionality, performance, and connectivity. This project studies the evolution of mobile applications and its impact on the evolution of test cases from their creation until their expiration stage. A detailed case study of a native open source Android application is provided; describing many aspects of design, development, testing in addition to the analysis of the process of mobile apps evolution. This project based on model driven engineering approach where the models are serialized using the standard XMI. It presents a protocol for the adaptation of test cases under certain restrictions

Using Models of Partial Knowledge to Test Model Transformations

International audienceTesters often use partial knowledge to build test models. This knowledge comes from sources such as requirements, known faults, existing inputs, and execution traces. In Model-Driven Engineering, test inputs are models executed by model transformations. Modelers build them using partial knowledge while meticulously satisfying several well-formedness rules imposed by the modelling language. This manual process is tedious and language constraints can force users to create complex models even for representing simple knowledge. In this paper, we want to simplify the development of test models by presenting an integrated methodology and semi-automated tool that allow users to build only small partial test models directly representing their testing intent. We argue that partial models are more readable and maintainable and can be automatically completed to full input models while considering language constraints. We validate this approach by evaluating the size and fault-detecting effectiveness of partial models compared to traditionally-built test models. We show that they can detect the same bugs/faults with a greatly reduced development effort

Automatic Model Generation Strategies for Model Transformation Testing

International audienceTesting model transformations requires input models which are graphs of inter-connected objects that must conform to a meta-model and meta-constraints from heterogeneous sources such as well-formedness rules, transformation pre-conditions, and test strategies. Manually specifying such models is tedious since models must simultaneously conform to several meta-constraints. We propose automatic model generation via constraint satisfaction using our tool Cartier for model transformation testing. Due to the virtually infinite number of models in the input domain we compare strategies based on input domain partitioning to guide model generation. We qualify the effectiveness of these strategies by performing mutation analysis on the transformation using generated sets of models. The test sets obtained using partitioning strategies gives mutation scores of up to 87\% vs. 72\% in the case of unguided/random generation. These scores are based on analysis of 360 automatically generated test models for the representative transformation of UML class diagram models to RDBMS models

Filtered Comparison for Oracle in ModelTransformation Testing

International audienceFocusing on one part of a produced output helps in improving model transformation testin

Combining Techniques to Verify Service-based Components

International audienceEarly verification is essential in model-driven development because late error detection involves a costly correction and approval process. Modelling real life systems covers three aspects of a system (structure, dynamics and functions) and one verification technique is not sufficient to check the properties related to these aspects. Considering Service-based Component Models, we propose a unifying schema called multi-level contracts that enables a combination of verification techniques (model checking, theorem proving and model testing) to cover the V&V requirements. This proposal is illustrated using the Kmelia language and its COSTO tool

Poster: Controlling the Elasticity of Web Applications on Cloud Computing

International audienceWeb applications are often exposed to unpredictable workloads, which makes computing resource management difficult. The resource may be overused when the workload is high and underused when the workload is low. A solution to deal with unpredictable workloads is to migrate Web applications to cloud computing infrastructures, where the resource is varied according to demand, \ie, elasticity. With elasticity, all the resource variations happen during the Web application runtime. To deal with this, the Web application, and its service layers must behave in an elastic manner, which comprises adaptation tasks. These tasks may introduce functional and non-functional errors into the Web application. To find these errors, we must test the Web application when the adaptation tasks are performed, during the resource variations. Some tests may require a specific sequence of resource variations, which are difficult to be achieved without controllability. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an approach that controls the required resource variations. We validated our approach by conducting several experiments on Amazon EC2 cloud infrastructures. In these experiments, we successfully lead the Web application through the required resource variations

Un outil d'assistance à la construction de tests de modèles à composants et services

National audienceDans l’article "COSTOTest : A Tool for Building and Running Test Harness forService-Based Component Models" publié dans les proceedings de la conférenceinternationale ISSTA 2016 [1] et présenté en session démonstration, nous décrivonscomment l’outil COSTOTest nous assiste pour tester directement les modèles decomposants logiciels basés sur les services. Ces travaux concernent la vérificationde systèmes logiciels à base de composants et services (Service-based Componentou SBC) et exploitent l’ingénierie dirigée par les modèles (IDM)